Market structures, such as perfect competition and monopoly, are examined as to implications for behavior and economic efficiency.

市场结构，例如完全竞争和垄断，也被考察，对于行为和经济效率的影响。

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This paper analyzes the problem of maximizing the profit of monopoly market under the consumer switching condition which extents it from perfect price discrimination and uniform price to general form.

本文在给定市场划分条件下，研究了客户转换成本约束下垄断厂商的利润最大化问题，把完全价格歧视和零歧视两种极端情形拓展到一般形式。

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The most serious deviation from the perfect competition comes from monopoly elements .

最严重的对完全竞争的背离来源于垄断成份。

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Total quantity being produced is less than would be produced under perfect competition, but more than would be produced under monopoly.

此情况下的总产出,比完全竞争情况下的要少,但比垄断情况下的要大

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So from the point of view of the producers, this Cournot Equilibrium is worse than monopoly, but better than perfect competition.

从生产者的角度来看,古诺均衡劣于垄断,优于完全竞争

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So the amount of output produced by the industry was somewhere between the case that would be under monopoly and under perfect competition.

亦即是行业产量,在某种程度上是介于,在垄断和完全竞争两种情况之间

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Like a medieval town's sole inn, a railway line is a perfect example of a natural monopoly: it is tremendously expensive to build and it is difficult to justify more than one set of tracks on any route just to guarantee competition.

ECONOMIST: Economics focus